论文部分内容阅读
热点1： must have done 表示对过去的肯定推测。意为“过去一定做了某事”。
例1 It__________（一定是） Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. (be)
例2 — She looks very happy. She__________
（一定通过了） the exam. （pass）
— I guess so, it’s not difficult after all.
例3 The teacher__________（一定认为）Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose. （think）
Keys: 1. must have been
2. must have passed
3. must have thought
热点2： can/could have done 表示对过去的疑问和否定推测。即：can/could ... have done? 意为“过去可能做了某事吗？”can/could not have done意为“过去不可能做了某事”。
例4 My mp4 player isn’t in my bag.__________
（我可能把它放在什么地方）? （put）
例5 — Has the manager left?
— He__________（不可能离开）, because his car is still in the parking lot. （leave）
例6 It’s said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they__________ （不可能做到）because the ocean in between is too wide. (do)
Keys: 1. Where can I have put it
2. can’t/couldn’t have left
3. can’t/couldn’t have done it
热点3： may/might have done 表示对过去的肯定和否定推测，语气较弱。即：may/might have done意为“过去或许/可能做了某事”；may/might not have done意为“过去或许/可能没有做某事”。
例7 — I can’t find my purse anywhere.
— You__________（或许把它弄掉了） while shopping. （lose）
例8 — Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
— You__________（或许放错了地方）. (put)
Keys: 1. may/might have lost it
2. might have put it in the wrong place
热点4： “情态动词+have done”表示虚拟。
（1）could have done 表示虚拟，用于肯定句。意为“过去本来能够做某事（实际上未做）”。
例9 He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he__________（本可以表述） it differently. （express）
例10 Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we__________（能够完成） it without you. （manage）
Keys: 1. could have expressed
2. could have managed
（2）should/ought to have done 表示虚拟，用于肯定句和否定句。即：should/ought to have done意为“过去本应该做某事(而实际上未做)”；should not/ought not to have done意为“过去不该做某事(而实际上却做了)”。
例11 I__________ （本不应该看） that movie — it’ll give me horrible dreams. (watch)
例12 I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I__________（应该开车送她去） there. （drive）
例13 — My cat’s really fat.
— You____________________ （不应该给它） so much food.（give）
Keys: 1. shouldn’t/ought not to have watched
2. should/ought to have driven her
3. shouldn’t/ought not to have given her/it
（4）needn’t have done表示虚拟，用于否定句。意为“过去本不必做某事”。
例14 The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I__________（没必要讨麻烦）to carry my umbrella with me.（take）
例15 As you worked late yesterday, you__________（本不必来） this morning. （come）
Keys: 1. needn’t have taken the trouble
2. needn’t have come
【练习】
1. The fishermen__________（肯定被告知）the awful weather, but they didn’t listen to it. (warn)
2. The road outside is wet. It__________
（准是一直在下雨） last night. （rain）
3. It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he____________________（可能参与） in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones. (hand)
4. We__________ （本来可以完成任务）on time, but the traffic delay destroyed all our plan.(complete)
5.____________________ (他可能看过) the film before? (see)
6. I was on the highway when a car passed me followed by a police car. It__________ （肯定一直在）driving at least 150 miles per hour. （must）
7. There’s nobody here. They__________ （必定回家了）. （must）
8. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he____________________ （不可能参加）your lecture. （attend）
9. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I__________（不应该吃那么）so much fried chicken just now.（eat）
10. He hasn’t turned up yet. The plane__________（可能误点了）. (delay)
11. You look so sleepy now. You__________
(一定熬夜了) last night. (stay)
12. What a pity! You__________ （本来能够获得）the first prize. (win)
13. Nothing happened at all, so you__________
（没有必要而担心）about it. （worry）
14. The rooms are locked. They__________
(可能已经出发去) Shanghai. (leave)
15. He__________ （不可能在看） TV at 8 o’clock last night, for he was having a meeting then. (watch)
16.__________ （要是你被开除了）, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. （should）
17. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I__________ （没必要讨麻烦）to carry my umbrella with me. （take）
18. Peter__________ (一定是欺骗了我), because he disappeared after borrowing my car. (cheat)
【参考答案】
1. must have been warned of
2. must have been raining
3. may/might/could have had a hand
4. might/could/would have completed the task
5. Can/Could he have seen
6. must have been
7. must have gone home
8. couldn’t have attended
9. shouldn’t have eaten
10. may/might have been delayed
11. must have stayed up
12. could have won
13. needn’t have worried
14. may/might have left for
15. can’t/couldn’t have been watching
16. Should you be fired/If you should be fired
17. needn’t have taken the trouble
18. must have cheated me
例1 It__________（一定是） Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. (be)
例2 — She looks very happy. She__________
（一定通过了） the exam. （pass）
— I guess so, it’s not difficult after all.
例3 The teacher__________（一定认为）Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose. （think）
Keys: 1. must have been
2. must have passed
3. must have thought
热点2： can/could have done 表示对过去的疑问和否定推测。即：can/could ... have done? 意为“过去可能做了某事吗？”can/could not have done意为“过去不可能做了某事”。
例4 My mp4 player isn’t in my bag.__________
（我可能把它放在什么地方）? （put）
例5 — Has the manager left?
— He__________（不可能离开）, because his car is still in the parking lot. （leave）
例6 It’s said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they__________ （不可能做到）because the ocean in between is too wide. (do)
Keys: 1. Where can I have put it
2. can’t/couldn’t have left
3. can’t/couldn’t have done it
热点3： may/might have done 表示对过去的肯定和否定推测，语气较弱。即：may/might have done意为“过去或许/可能做了某事”；may/might not have done意为“过去或许/可能没有做某事”。
例7 — I can’t find my purse anywhere.
— You__________（或许把它弄掉了） while shopping. （lose）
例8 — Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
— You__________（或许放错了地方）. (put)
Keys: 1. may/might have lost it
2. might have put it in the wrong place
热点4： “情态动词+have done”表示虚拟。
（1）could have done 表示虚拟，用于肯定句。意为“过去本来能够做某事（实际上未做）”。
例9 He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he__________（本可以表述） it differently. （express）
例10 Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we__________（能够完成） it without you. （manage）
Keys: 1. could have expressed
2. could have managed
（2）should/ought to have done 表示虚拟，用于肯定句和否定句。即：should/ought to have done意为“过去本应该做某事(而实际上未做)”；should not/ought not to have done意为“过去不该做某事(而实际上却做了)”。
例11 I__________ （本不应该看） that movie — it’ll give me horrible dreams. (watch)
例12 I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I__________（应该开车送她去） there. （drive）
例13 — My cat’s really fat.
— You____________________ （不应该给它） so much food.（give）
Keys: 1. shouldn’t/ought not to have watched
2. should/ought to have driven her
3. shouldn’t/ought not to have given her/it
（4）needn’t have done表示虚拟，用于否定句。意为“过去本不必做某事”。
例14 The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I__________（没必要讨麻烦）to carry my umbrella with me.（take）
例15 As you worked late yesterday, you__________（本不必来） this morning. （come）
Keys: 1. needn’t have taken the trouble
2. needn’t have come
【练习】
1. The fishermen__________（肯定被告知）the awful weather, but they didn’t listen to it. (warn)
2. The road outside is wet. It__________
（准是一直在下雨） last night. （rain）
3. It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he____________________（可能参与） in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones. (hand)
4. We__________ （本来可以完成任务）on time, but the traffic delay destroyed all our plan.(complete)
5.____________________ (他可能看过) the film before? (see)
6. I was on the highway when a car passed me followed by a police car. It__________ （肯定一直在）driving at least 150 miles per hour. （must）
7. There’s nobody here. They__________ （必定回家了）. （must）
8. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he____________________ （不可能参加）your lecture. （attend）
9. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I__________（不应该吃那么）so much fried chicken just now.（eat）
10. He hasn’t turned up yet. The plane__________（可能误点了）. (delay)
11. You look so sleepy now. You__________
(一定熬夜了) last night. (stay)
12. What a pity! You__________ （本来能够获得）the first prize. (win)
13. Nothing happened at all, so you__________
（没有必要而担心）about it. （worry）
14. The rooms are locked. They__________
(可能已经出发去) Shanghai. (leave)
15. He__________ （不可能在看） TV at 8 o’clock last night, for he was having a meeting then. (watch)
16.__________ （要是你被开除了）, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. （should）
17. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I__________ （没必要讨麻烦）to carry my umbrella with me. （take）
18. Peter__________ (一定是欺骗了我), because he disappeared after borrowing my car. (cheat)
【参考答案】
1. must have been warned of
2. must have been raining
3. may/might/could have had a hand
4. might/could/would have completed the task
5. Can/Could he have seen
6. must have been
7. must have gone home
8. couldn’t have attended
9. shouldn’t have eaten
10. may/might have been delayed
11. must have stayed up
12. could have won
13. needn’t have worried
14. may/might have left for
15. can’t/couldn’t have been watching
16. Should you be fired/If you should be fired
17. needn’t have taken the trouble
18. must have cheated me