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本文通过对秦汉县禄秩等级的动态考察得出:秦代县为千石至六百石的秩级,当时可能不存在大县与小县的划分,也不存在以“县长”称呼县长官的情况;西汉初期县的秩级向下延伸至三百石,且以六百石为界,明确区分为大、小两等,分别以“县令”和“县长”称呼其长官。西汉初期设立的低秩县打破了商鞅以来县的禄秩框架,而直接将乡邑聚升格为县(特别是封为侯国)的做法,使得西汉中后期县的数量大幅度增加。随着时代的演进,地方郡县的地位都有所下降。但从县数量的增加和县令长的迁转都可以看出,县秩级的下调并不表示县在地方行政中地位的下降。
In this paper, the Qin and Han Dynasties Lu ranks of the dynamic survey obtained: the Qin county thousands of stone to six hundred stone ranks, there may be no division of county and county, there is no “county” The county magistrate’s situation; the early Western counties county rank down to three hundred stone, and six hundred stone as the boundary, clearly divided into big and small two, respectively, “county magistrate” and “county” “Call its chief. The low-rank counties established in the early Western Han Dynasty broke the Shangluo county’s rank-and-file framework. However, the direct promotion of township townships to counties (especially the ”Hou State") greatly increased the number of counties in the middle and later Western Han dynasties. As the times evolve, the status of local counties has declined. However, it can be seen from the increase of counties and the shift of county magistrates that the county-level downgrade does not mean that the county’s position in local administration has declined.