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[目的]了解青春期中期雌性Beagle犬的卵巢、子宫、阴道、乳腺在不同动情周期的组织学形态及其首次发情的时间差。[方法]取20只10~11月龄雌性Beagle犬,麻醉后失血安乐死,取卵巢、子宫、阴道和乳腺,10%中性缓冲福尔马林固定后制成H&E切片,光镜下观察。[结果]所有犬只均已进入首次发情周期,40%处于动情前期,10%处于动情期(动情后期),50%处于动情间期,无动物处于不动情期(休情期)。[结论]试验周期较短的长期毒性试验,应尽量使用月龄超过10个月的Beagle犬;评价性激素样作用药物应考虑动物年龄及个体差异对性成熟时间及周期的影响。
[Objective] To understand the histological changes of ovary, uterus, vagina and mammary gland in different estrous cycles and the time difference of the first estrus in mid-adolescent female Beagle dogs. [Methods] Twenty female Beagle dogs aged 10-11 months were euthanized after anesthesia. Ovaries, uterus, vagina and mammary gland were harvested and fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin. H & E sections were observed under light microscope. [Results] All dogs had entered the first estrus cycle, 40% were in the early estrus stage, 10% were in the estrus stage (late estrus stage), 50% were in the estrus stage, and no animals were in the estrus stage (rest period). [Conclusions] Long-term toxicity test with short test period should use Beagle dogs more than 10 months old as far as possible. The evaluation of sex hormones should consider the influence of animal age and individual differences on sexual maturity time and period.