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目的分析长春市狂犬病暴露人群的流行病学特征,进一步探讨预防控制措施。方法对2012年度长春市疾病预防控制中心预防医学门诊接受诊治的狂犬病暴露人群进行流行病学调查。结果狂犬病暴露人群的季节分布4月份开始上升,8月份为高峰。年龄分布:16~30岁最高(占34.33%),46岁最低(占16.68%)。Ⅱ级暴露者为90.00%,Ⅲ级暴露者为8.00%;职业构成:工人占40.00%,儿童最低占4.00%。全年均有狂犬病暴露人群出现,8月份为高峰;在职业分布中以工人、农民为最高;在分级暴露中Ⅱ级暴露人群最高,均为家养宠物犬、猫所致。结论政府部门应该加强犬类动物的管理及免疫工作,提高暴露人群预防免疫接种及伤口的处理,狂犬疫苗接种和被动免疫制剂的应用是降低狂犬病病死率的重要措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposed people in Changchun and further explore the preventive and control measures. Methods Epidemiological survey was conducted on the population of rabies exposed in the preventive medicine clinic of Changchun Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2012. Results The seasonal distribution of rabies-exposed people began to rise in April and peaked in August. Age distribution: the highest in 16 ~ 30 years (34.33%), the lowest in 46 years (16.68%). Grade II exposure was 90.00%, Grade III exposure was 8.00%; Occupational composition: workers accounted for 40.00%, children accounted for the lowest 4.00%. Rabies exposure occurred throughout the year, with a peak in August; workers and peasants were the highest in the occupational distribution; and the highest level Ⅱ exposure in the graded exposure was caused by domesticated dogs and cats. Conclusion Government should strengthen the management and immunization of dogs and improve the prevention of immunization and wounds exposure. The application of rabies vaccination and passive immunization is an important measure to reduce the mortality of rabies.