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准确快速进行溃坝洪水预报能够为防灾减灾提供重要的技术支撑。堰塞坝漫顶溃坝模型试验显示,在强烈的非恒定流作用下,坝体材料以高强度推移质输沙同时伴有悬移质挟沙的运动形式向下游输移,水流对坝体的冲刷输移量不断增大并逐渐趋于平衡。溃口因受侧向侵蚀而逐渐拓宽,边岸随着侵蚀后退而逐渐变陡并发生坍塌,直接影响洪水的下泄过程。在上述试验基础上,采用非平衡输沙变化方程及河流动力学输沙公式计算溃口通道的冲淤变形,引入边岸侵蚀和崩塌模式模拟溃口展宽过程,并依据横向变形方程计算侧向侵蚀的宽度,建立了堰塞坝漫顶溃决洪水预测计算方法。利用唐家山堰塞坝溃坝实测资料检验的结果表明,本文建立的预测计算方法同实际测量资料较为符合。
Accurate and rapid dam break flood prediction can provide important technical support for disaster prevention and mitigation. Dam-dam model tests show that under the action of strong unsteady flow, the dam material is transported to the downstream by high-strength bed-conveying sand with sediment-laden sediment transport, The amount of scouring and transporting is increasing and becoming more and more balanced. Due to lateral erosion, the breach gradually widened, and the bank gradually steepened and collapsed as the erosion retreated, which directly affected the discharge process of the flood. Based on the above experiments, the scouring and silting deformation of the breach channel was calculated by using the equation of non-equilibrium sediment transport and the formula of sediment transport by river dynamics. The edge erosion and collapse mode was introduced to simulate the breach broadening process and the lateral erosion equation was calculated according to the lateral deformation equation Width, the establishment of a dam dam burst flood forecasting calculation method. The test results of Tangjiashan barrage dam fault dam test data show that the forecast calculation method established in this paper is in good agreement with the actual measured data.