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目的：探讨大肠埃希菌耐药率与抗菌药使用量之间的关系,为临床合理使用抗菌药提供参考。方法：采用回顾性调查方法,统计2010~2012年我院12种抗菌药使用强度( AUD)及同期大肠埃希菌耐药率,并对抗菌药使用量与耐药率进行多元线性回归分析。结果：大肠埃希菌对头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、氨曲南的耐药率与哌拉西林/他唑巴坦用量呈负相关(r =-0.700、-0.717、-0.647,P<0.05)；对头孢他啶、头孢噻肟耐药率与头孢他啶用量呈正相关(r=0.662、0.601,P<0.05)；对亚胺培南的耐药率与亚胺培南用量呈正相关(r=0.685,P<0.05)。结论：大肠埃希菌对抗菌药耐药水平变化与抗菌药使用量之间存在相关关系,应加强抗菌药合理应用的管理,以控制和减缓细菌耐药性的增长。“,”Objective:To investigate the relationship between antimicrobial consumption and resistance of Escherichia coli. Meth-ods:The total antibiotics use density( AUD) and the synchronous resistance rate of Escherichia coli were studied and the correlation between them was analyzed retrospectively using multiple linear regression analysis in our hospital from 2010 to 2012. Results:The re-sistance rate of Escherichia coil to ceftazidime,cefotaxime and aztreonam were negatively correlated with the consumption of piperacillin/tazobactam (r= -0. 700,-0. 717, -0. 647,P<0. 05). A significant positive correlation was found between the resistance rate to ceftazidime and cefotaxime and the consumption of ceftazidime(r=0. 662,0. 601,P<0. 05). The resistance rate to imipenem had a significant positive correlation with the consumption of imipenem(r=0. 685,P<0. 05) as well. Conclusion:A relationship exists be-tween antimicrobial consumption and resistance rate of Escherichia coil. It is necessary to strengthen the management of microbacterial rational use to control and reduce the increase of bacterial resistance.