论文部分内容阅读
“淹没问题”指出,如果一个信念是真的,那么它是可靠地产生的事实并不会给它增加任何价值,即可靠性的价值被真的价值“淹没”了。戈德曼和奥尔森提出了条件概率方案,指出可靠论的知识提高了未来真信念的客观概率,因此比单纯真信念更有价值。但是这个方案是失败的,因为它无法为知识寻找到独立于真的内在价值。德性可靠论者们把认知主体纳入到价值考量的范围内,从而实现了价值的内化,为知识寻找到了超出真信念的额外价值。当代知识论正经历着价值转向,这是继葛梯尔问题之后将深刻影响未来知识论的一次转向,值得我们研究。
The Submerged Problem states that if a belief is true, the fact that it is reliably produced does not add any value to it, that is, the value of reliability is “submerged” by the true value. Goldman and Olsen put forward the conditional probability scheme, pointing out that the knowledge of reliability improves the objective probability of future true beliefs and is therefore more valuable than the true belief. However, this solution failed because it failed to find knowledge independent of its true intrinsic value. Virtues and theorists put the subject of cognition within the scope of value considerations, thus realizing the internalization of values and finding additional value beyond knowledge of truth. Contemporary epistemology is experiencing the turning point in value. This is a turning point that will profoundly affect future epistemology after the Gettner issue, which deserves our study.