Background Although tongue cancer is a common disease of the head and neck,the choice of neck treatment between elective neck dissection and "watchful waiting" remains controversial for patients with early stage NO oral tongue carcinoma.Methods On the basis of the current state of head and neck cancers a decision analysis model was created to compare two treatment strategies for early tongue cancer.Expected value (EV) was calculated according to the literature which met the defined criteria.Sensitivity analyses were performed.Results The results showed that the decision model favored elective neck dissection (EV=0.87),over "watchful waiting"(EV=0.77).One-way sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the outcome was influenced by regional recurrence,threshold value of 0.28 for the elective neck dissection group and 0.17 for the "watchful waiting" group,and a salvage rate threshold value 0.73 for the "watchful waiting" group.Conclusions These results suggested that elective neck dissection strategy of the neck should be applied for early stage NO oral tongue carcinoma patients with no clinical nodal metastases.When the occult lymph node metastases rate was less than 0.17 and the salvage rate was more than 0.73,"watchful waiting" strategy would be preferable.