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马克思与陀思妥耶夫斯基虽然生活在不同的社会环境之中,但是在面临的任务、追求的目标等方面有许多共同之处。二者最大的不同在于他们为自己社会理想的实现设计了不同的途径:马克思诉诸科学理性和阶级斗争,陀思妥耶夫斯基寄希望于东正教的道德说教。一百多年来的社会历史贯穿着马克思与陀思妥耶夫斯基社会思想的对立与斗争。今天我们看到,资本主义真正走到了自己的历史尽头,共产主义成为历史的必然,但是由于对物质财富的追求飞跃到物质生产的彼岸——人的自由王国,需要人类在灵魂深处完成一场革命,以改变自己的价值目标。正是在这里,显示出了陀思妥耶夫斯基思想的积极意义。
Although Marx and Dostoyevsky live in different social environments, they share many things in common with the tasks they face and the goals they seek. The biggest difference between the two is that they have devised different approaches to the realization of their social ideal: Marx resorted to scientific rationality and class struggle, and Dostoyevsky hopes to preach the moral preaching of the Orthodox Church. One hundred years of social history runs through the antagonism and struggle between Marx and Dostoevsky’s social thought. Today we see that capitalism has really come to the end of its own history. Communism has become a historical necessity. However, since the pursuit of material wealth has leapt to the other side of material production, the human freedom kingdom, it is necessary for mankind to complete one Revolutionary field to change their own value goals. It is here that the positive meaning of Dostoevsky’s thought is demonstrated.