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谓语动词放在主语之前的语法现象称为倒装。从倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅指助动词、情态动词或be动词等功能置于主语之前。
一、全部倒装
1. 以 here, there, now, then等开头的句子，谓语常用 be, come, go, begin, follow 等引出倒装：
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。
Now come your turn. 现在轮到你了。
注：主语是代词而不是名词时则不发生倒装。
2. 句首为状语方位词或表示地点的介词短语：
Then from the portable radio in the corner came the announcer’s voice. 从角落里的便携式收音机传来了播音员的声音。
At his side lay Eva Brown. 在他的身旁躺着的是爱娃·布劳恩。
3. 句首为there be, stand, lie, exist, remain, appear, seem, come 等时，引出全部倒装。
There stands a stone bridge across the river. 河上有一座石桥。
There stands an old pine tree on the summit of the mountain. 山项上有一棵老松树。
二、部分倒装
1. 在省略 if 的虚拟条件句中
Had I known what was going to happen，I would never have left her alone. 如果我当时知道可能发生的事的话，我就不会撇下她一个人在那里了。
Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world. 没有空气和水，世界上就不会有生命。
2. 当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，如never, little, often, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no sooner ... than ... , in no way, at no time, under no circumstances, by no means, in no case，采用部分倒装：
Little does he care about money. 他很少关心钱。
Not until recently did I know what he had done. 直到最近我才知道他所做的事。
【高考链接】
（1）Never before in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.
A. has this city been B. this city has been
C. was this city D. this city was
答案 A
（2）Hardly Edinburgh than they were ordered to return to London.
A. had they reached B. they had reached
C. have the reached D. they have reached
答案 A
（3） snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they brought
B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they
D. Not only they did bring
答案 B
3．句首状语由only+副词，only+介词短语或only+状语分词组成时。
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. 直到昨天他才发现他的手表丢了。
4. 当so ... that句式的“so+形容词”部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。
So fast does the light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. 光传播得很快，我们无法测量其速度。
So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs. 他说话的声音很大，连楼上的人都听见了。
【高考链接】
（1） that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A. So successful her business was
B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful
D. So was her successful business 答案 B
（2）So difficult it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A. I did find B. did I find
C. I have found D. have I found
答案 B
5．以as 引出的让步状语从句
Poor as he was, he was honest. 他尽管贫穷，但是诚实。
Poor as I am, it is beneath me to steal. 我虽然穷，还不屑于去偷。
Much as I admire him as a writer, I don’t like him as a man. 作为作家我虽然敬慕他，但作为人我不喜欢他。
Try as he may, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 尽管他很努力，然而工作上却令人不满意。
1. , it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with a laser.
A. Hard a diamond is
B. Hard as a diamond is
C. As a diamond is hard
D. How hard is a diamond
2. at the railway station when it began to rain.
A. Hardly had he arrived
B. Hardly he had arrived
C. No sooner did he arrive
D. No sooner arrived he
3. today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Were he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. Had he left
4. By no means look down upon the disabled.
A. should we B. we should
C. we shall D. we ought
5. that it was made into a film.
A. So great the success of the book was
B. So successful the book was
C. So the book was successful
D. So great was the success of the book
1. B。由于此处缺状语，故D的语序不对。A缺少连词，C项as引导原因状语从句与主句含义正好相反。B项为让步状语从句，把被强调部分放在句首，此处as可用though来代替。
2. A。表示“一……就”之意的有hardly (scarcely, barely) ... when/before和no sooner ... than，这些表达只用于过去时。本题中主句动作发生在从句动作之前，故用过去完成时。倘若hardly, scarcely, no sooner或barely等词在句中则采用正常语序，但当它们位于句首时，主句的主谓语要部分倒装。
3. C。这是省略连词if的表示将来的虚拟倒装结构。根据本文讲过的表示将来的虚拟句的结构：should do或were to do，故首先应该排除A和D，而B则表示进行的虚拟结构，因而正确的选项应该是C。
4. A。by no means 带否定意义，放在句首时句子部分倒装。
5. D。so great提前，句子部分倒装，因此选D。
一、全部倒装
1. 以 here, there, now, then等开头的句子，谓语常用 be, come, go, begin, follow 等引出倒装：
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。
Now come your turn. 现在轮到你了。
注：主语是代词而不是名词时则不发生倒装。
2. 句首为状语方位词或表示地点的介词短语：
Then from the portable radio in the corner came the announcer’s voice. 从角落里的便携式收音机传来了播音员的声音。
At his side lay Eva Brown. 在他的身旁躺着的是爱娃·布劳恩。
3. 句首为there be, stand, lie, exist, remain, appear, seem, come 等时，引出全部倒装。
There stands a stone bridge across the river. 河上有一座石桥。
There stands an old pine tree on the summit of the mountain. 山项上有一棵老松树。
二、部分倒装
1. 在省略 if 的虚拟条件句中
Had I known what was going to happen，I would never have left her alone. 如果我当时知道可能发生的事的话，我就不会撇下她一个人在那里了。
Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world. 没有空气和水，世界上就不会有生命。
2. 当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，如never, little, often, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no sooner ... than ... , in no way, at no time, under no circumstances, by no means, in no case，采用部分倒装：
Little does he care about money. 他很少关心钱。
Not until recently did I know what he had done. 直到最近我才知道他所做的事。
【高考链接】
（1）Never before in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.
A. has this city been B. this city has been
C. was this city D. this city was
答案 A
（2）Hardly Edinburgh than they were ordered to return to London.
A. had they reached B. they had reached
C. have the reached D. they have reached
答案 A
（3） snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they brought
B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they
D. Not only they did bring
答案 B
3．句首状语由only+副词，only+介词短语或only+状语分词组成时。
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. 直到昨天他才发现他的手表丢了。
4. 当so ... that句式的“so+形容词”部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。
So fast does the light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. 光传播得很快，我们无法测量其速度。
So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs. 他说话的声音很大，连楼上的人都听见了。
【高考链接】
（1） that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A. So successful her business was
B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful
D. So was her successful business 答案 B
（2）So difficult it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A. I did find B. did I find
C. I have found D. have I found
答案 B
5．以as 引出的让步状语从句
Poor as he was, he was honest. 他尽管贫穷，但是诚实。
Poor as I am, it is beneath me to steal. 我虽然穷，还不屑于去偷。
Much as I admire him as a writer, I don’t like him as a man. 作为作家我虽然敬慕他，但作为人我不喜欢他。
Try as he may, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 尽管他很努力，然而工作上却令人不满意。
1. , it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with a laser.
A. Hard a diamond is
B. Hard as a diamond is
C. As a diamond is hard
D. How hard is a diamond
2. at the railway station when it began to rain.
A. Hardly had he arrived
B. Hardly he had arrived
C. No sooner did he arrive
D. No sooner arrived he
3. today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Were he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. Had he left
4. By no means look down upon the disabled.
A. should we B. we should
C. we shall D. we ought
5. that it was made into a film.
A. So great the success of the book was
B. So successful the book was
C. So the book was successful
D. So great was the success of the book
1. B。由于此处缺状语，故D的语序不对。A缺少连词，C项as引导原因状语从句与主句含义正好相反。B项为让步状语从句，把被强调部分放在句首，此处as可用though来代替。
2. A。表示“一……就”之意的有hardly (scarcely, barely) ... when/before和no sooner ... than，这些表达只用于过去时。本题中主句动作发生在从句动作之前，故用过去完成时。倘若hardly, scarcely, no sooner或barely等词在句中则采用正常语序，但当它们位于句首时，主句的主谓语要部分倒装。
3. C。这是省略连词if的表示将来的虚拟倒装结构。根据本文讲过的表示将来的虚拟句的结构：should do或were to do，故首先应该排除A和D，而B则表示进行的虚拟结构，因而正确的选项应该是C。
4. A。by no means 带否定意义，放在句首时句子部分倒装。
5. D。so great提前，句子部分倒装，因此选D。