豫西黄土丘陵区果园面积达 1 6万 hm2 ,土壤有机质缺乏 ,果品产量和质量逐年下降 ;大中型畜牧场污染严重 ,主要污染地表水、地下水、农田和空气 ;水土严重流失。针对这些问题 ,运用生态学原理和系统分析方法 ,因地制宜设计了三种果、草、牧结合生态模式 ,并取得了初步成效 Loess hilly areas in western Henan orchard an area of ​​16000 hm2, lack of soil organic matter, fruit production and quality decline year by year; large and medium-sized livestock farms are seriously polluted, the main pollution of surface water, groundwater, farmland and air; serious loss of water and soil. In response to these problems, using the principles of ecology and systematic analysis, we designed three kinds of ecological models combined with grass, animal husbandry and local conditions, and achieved initial results