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以阐释学的“前理解”和“偏见”理论、接受美学家对阅读和读者“期待视野”的相关论点为依据,针对文学名著在重译过程中的误读和误译作深入比较研究,批评了以往‘误译即错误的翻译’的简单论调。以《哈克贝利.费恩历险记》改革开放前、后两个阶段不同的译本为例,后来的重译本中也存在不少的误读与误译。误译分为语言学(微观)误译和文化(宏观)误译。语言学误译可能是由于拼写错误等导致的。文化误译又细分为有意误译和无意误译。拼写错误等无意误译都应该尽量避免。然而有意误译是可以原谅和接受的,是基于归化或异化的需要,是创造性叛逆。总之,误读、误译与重译相伴相生,是译者主体性的彰显。
Based on the interpretation of the theory of “pre-understanding” and “prejudice” of the science, and accepting the relevant arguments of the esthetician to the reading and the reader’s “expectation horizon”, this paper aims at the misinterpretation and mistranslation of the literary masterpiece in the process of retranslation In-depth comparative study has criticized the simple argument that “mistranslation is wrong translation” in the past. Take the different versions of the two versions of “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” before and after the reform and opening up as an example. There are also many misunderstandings and mistranslations in the later re-translation. Misinterpretation is divided into linguistic (micro) mistranslation and cultural (macro) mistranslation. Linguistic mistranslation may be due to spelling mistakes and so on. Cultural mistranslation is subdivided into intentional mistranslation and accidental mistranslation. Unintentional mistranslations like spelling mistakes should be avoided. However, intentional mistranslation can be forgivated and accepted. It is based on the need of naturalization or alienation and is a creative treason. In short, misunderstanding, misinterpretation and retranslation accompanied by coincidence, is the translator’s subjectivity.