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为了解渗灌方式下冬小麦的水分蒸散动态及水分利用情况,设置春不灌水(T1)、地上灌拔节水(T2)、地下灌拔节水(T3)、地下灌拔节水+开花水(T4)、地上灌溉拔节水+开花水(T5)5个水分处理,利用称重式蒸渗仪研究了5种水分管理模式下冬小麦的蒸散特征、水分动态及水分利用效率。结果表明,从全生育期来看,冬小麦的耗水速率呈双峰曲线变化,渗灌(T3和T4)的蒸散速率高峰出现在灌拔节水后第五天,常规灌溉(T2和T5)的高峰值出现在灌拔节水后第三天;从每天蒸散动态来看,渗灌和常规灌溉耗水速率均呈“单峰曲线”变化,渗灌拔节水前期呈现“反奢侈耗水”现象,将更多的水用在拔节后期-灌浆期,而渗灌开花水明显抑制了冬小麦耗水,全生育期耗水总量比常规灌溉低1.99%~4.77%;渗灌主要增加了60~100cm土层含水量,常规灌溉增加了0~40cm土层含水量;渗灌增加了穗粒数、千粒重、水分利用效率和收获指数,降低了生物量、籽粒的氮素积累量。综合来看,渗灌通过影响不同土层含水量改变植物的耗水模式,即抑制土壤蒸发并将节余水用于生长后期;提高了水分利用效率和收获指数,降低了籽粒蛋白质含量。
In order to understand the dynamic of water evaporation and water use efficiency of winter wheat under osmotic irrigation, we set up spring irrigation (T1), aboveground irrigation and drainage (T2), underground irrigation and drainage (T3), irrigation and drainage under underground irrigation and flowering water (T4) (T5) on the ground, and the evapotranspiration characteristics, water dynamics and water use efficiency of winter wheat under five water management modes were studied by means of weighing lysimeter. The results showed that the water consumption rate of winter wheat showed a bimodal curve from the perspective of whole growth period. The peak evapotranspiration rate of infiltration irrigation (T3 and T4) occurred on the fifth day after irrigation and watering, and the average irrigation rates (T2 and T5) From the daily dynamic of evapotranspiration, the water consumption rate of infiltration irrigation and conventional irrigation show “unimodal curve ”, and the “irrigation water” "Phenomenon, more water will be used in the late jointing - filling stage, and seepage flowering water significantly inhibited winter wheat water consumption, the total water consumption during the whole growth period lower than conventional irrigation 1.99% ~ 4.77% The soil water content of 60 ~ 100cm soil layer was increased, and the water content of 0 ~ 40cm soil layer increased by conventional irrigation. The number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, water use efficiency and harvest index were increased by subsurface irrigation, which reduced biomass and grain nitrogen accumulation. Taken together, infiltration irrigation changed the water consumption pattern of plants by affecting the water content of different soil layers, that is, inhibition of soil evaporation and use of surplus water in later growth stage; increased water use efficiency and harvest index and decreased grain protein content.