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目的探讨黑龙江省农村居民慢性病患病情况,并分析其影响因素,为开展农村地区慢性病防控提供建议。方法资料来源于第五次国家卫生服务调查,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取黑龙江省农村居民4 801户,共13 498人,由经过培训合格的调查员对调查户的所有成员逐一进行询问并收集问卷,调查内容主要包括家庭成员人口社会经济学特征、家庭成员的医疗保障情况、居民慢性病患病情况等,运用SAS9.2软件对居民慢性病患病情况及影响因素进行统计分析。结果调查地区居民慢性病患病率按照人数和例数计算,分别为252.4‰和349.4‰,其中男性为312.9‰,女性为386.8‰。多因素分析结果显示,与年龄小于35岁相比,年龄35～<65岁(OR=7.604,95%CI=6.077～9.516,P=0.000)、年龄65岁及以上(OR=17.254,95%CI=13.195～22.563,P=0.000)是居民慢性病患病的危险因素,年龄越大慢性病患病率越高;与未婚相比,已婚(OR=1.884,95%CI=1.312～2.704,P=0.001)、离婚或丧偶(OR=2.246,95%CI=1.504～3.353,P=0.000)的慢性病患病率高;与文盲相比,文化程度(均OR<1,均P<0.05)越高,居民慢性病患病率越低;参加医疗保险的人群慢性病患病率高(OR=1.587,95%CI=1.060～2.376,P=0.025);距最近医疗机构的距离与小于1 km相比,大于5 km(OR=1.567,95%CI=1.103～2.227,P=0.012)患病率高;与人均住房面积小于20 m2相比,人均住房面积大于36 m2(OR=1.500,95%CI=1.295～1.737,P=0.000)慢性病患病率高;人均年收入(均OR<1,均P<0.05)越高,慢性病患病率越低;饮酒(OR=1.160,95%CI=1.042～1.986,P=0.030)慢性病患病率高。结论 2013年黑龙江省农村居民的慢性病患病率高,其中女性、老年人、离婚或丧偶、文化程度低、未参保和经济收入低的人群是卫生服务需求的重点人群。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic diseases among rural residents in Heilongjiang Province and analyze its influencing factors so as to provide suggestions for prevention and control of chronic diseases in rural areas. Methods The data were collected from the Fifth National Health Service Survey. A total of 4 801 rural residents in Heilongjiang Province were sampled using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method. A total of 13 498 rural residents were surveyed, and all the surveyed households One by one to ask and collect questionnaires, the survey includes the socio-economic characteristics of the family members of the population, family members of the medical security situation, the residents of chronic disease conditions, the use of SAS9.2 software on residents of chronic disease prevalence and influencing factors for statistical analysis . Results The prevalence of chronic diseases among residents in the survey area was 252.4 ‰ and 349.4 ‰, respectively, of which 312.9 ‰ in males and 386.8 ‰ in females. Multivariate analysis showed that age 35 to 65 years (OR = 7.604, 95% CI = 6.077-9.516, P = 0.000), age 65 years and older (OR = 17.254, 95% CI = 13.195 ~ 22.563, P = 0.000) were the risk factors for residents with chronic diseases. The higher the prevalence was, the higher the prevalence of chronic diseases was. Compared with unmarried ones, married (OR = 1.884,95% CI = 1.312-2.704, P = 0.001). The prevalence of chronic diseases was higher in divorced or widowed children (OR = 2.246,95% CI = 1.504-3.353, P = 0.000). Compared with illiterate children, the educational level (all OR <1, all P <0.05) (OR = 1.587, 95% CI = 1.060 ~ 2.376, P = 0.025). The distance from the nearest medical institutions was less than 1 km (OR = 1.567, 95% CI = 1.103-2.227, P = 0.012). The per capita living space was more than 36 m2 (OR = 1.500, 95% CI (OR = 1.160, 95% CI = 1.042, P = 0.000). The higher the prevalence of chronic diseases was, the higher the per capita annual income (all OR <1, all P < ~ 1.986, P = 0.030) The prevalence of chronic diseases is high. Conclusions In 2013, the rural residents in Heilongjiang Province had a high prevalence of chronic diseases. Among them, women, the elderly, people with divorced or widowed children, people with low education, uninsured and low-income people were the key people in demand for health services.