“时”和“体”作为两个独立的语法范畴,在其时间指向的功能上存在差异。“时”所表示的是事件发生的时间与说话时间之间的关系,而“体”则表示的是事件内部的时间结构。因此,“时”表示的是绝对时间,而“体”则表示的是相对时间。“时间指向”是体标记所具有的定向某一时间的附带功能。体标记既可以指向过去时间,也可以指向非过去时间,它的时间指向功能是任意的。 As a separate grammatical category, “shi” and “body” have different functions in their time. “Shi” is the relationship between the time when the incident occurred and the speaking time, while the “body” indicates the time structure inside the incident. Therefore, “when” means absolute time, and “body” means relative time. “Time to point” is an incidental function of body marks at a given time. Body markup can point to the past time, you can also point to non-past time, its time-pointing function is arbitrary.