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在20世纪人文社会科学发展中,继“语言学转向”之绪,对学界知识观和研究范式转向与更新产生重要影响的,无疑是人类学。人类学给20世纪人文思想最重要的影响是什么?相对于哲学、史学乃至科学知识社会学已经开展的“人类学转向”之成就和学术史意义的讨论,文学的人类学转向的学术史和思想史意义的讨论和认识相对滞后。在科际整合和新兴交叉学科的形成中具有根基性的人类学,与文学的碰撞与交叉整合将带来何种新局面呢?中国文学人类学如何借助“人类学转向”的知识大变革背景和内在学理,突破百年来的学科本位主义限制,重建可替代植根于西方中心主义的“世界文学”话语的“人类文学”观和学术伦理,取决于文学人类学理论与方法的普世性建构及其可操作性的推广应用潜力。
In the development of humanities and social sciences in the 20th century, there is no doubt that it is anthropology that has an important influence on the turning and updating of the knowledge viewpoints and research paradigms of the academic circles following the “shift of linguistics”. What is the most important influence of anthropology to the 20th century’s humanism? Compared with the discussions on the achievements of “anthropological turning” and the significance of academic history that have been carried out by philosophy, history and even sociology of scientific knowledge, the anthropological turn of literature The discussion and understanding of the meaning of history and thought are relatively lagging behind. What kind of new situation will be brought by the fundamental anthropology, the collision and cross-integration with literature in the formation of inter-disciplinary integration and emerging interdisciplinarity? How can Chinese literary anthropology make use of the knowledge of “anthropological turning” Change background and internal theory, break through the limit of academic standardism in a hundred years and reconstruct the concept of “human literature” and the academic ethics that can be replaced by the “world literature” discourse rooted in Western centralism, depending on the theory of literary anthropology And the method of universal construction and its feasibility of the promotion and application of potential.