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在加拿大和美国,铁路客货运输公司全部市场化运作,铁路客运分别主要由VIA公司和AMTRAK公司承担。政府为了维护铁路公益性运输,对长期严重亏损的铁路客运业务进行补贴。借鉴两国经验,解决我国铁路的公益性问题,必须从国情出发,将市场和政策相结合。立法先行,明确我国铁路公益性运输的界限,补贴主体和补贴对象,并制定分类投资政策,实行分层决策制度。
In Canada and the United States, all railway passenger and cargo transport companies are marketed in a market-based manner. Railway passenger transport is mainly undertaken by VIA and AMTRAK respectively. In order to safeguard the public transportation of railway, the government subsidies the railway passenger transport business which has suffered serious long-term losses. Drawing on the experience of the two countries and solving the public welfare issue of our country’s railways, we must proceed from the national conditions and combine the market with the policies. Legislation first, a clear definition of China’s railway transport of public welfare boundaries, the main subsidies and subsidies, and the development of classified investment policies, the implementation of hierarchical decision-making system.