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避免机械学习,实现有意义学习是培养学生地理学习能力的重要举措。美国著名心理学家奥苏贝尔认为有意义学习过程的实质,就是符号所代表的新知识与学习者认知结构中已有的适当观念建立非人为的、实质性的联系。他认为有意义学习条件主要是:学习材料可以学生认知结构中的有关观念联系;学生的认知结构中具备与新知识相联系的知识准备;学生具有意义学习的心向,即把新知识与认知结构原有的适当观念关联起来的意向。新知识好比一条船,学生认知结构好比曲折的海岸,原有的知识经验好比港湾,任何一条船都应该停泊在适合的港湾。
Avoiding mechanical learning and realizing meaningful learning are important measures to cultivate students’ ability to learn geographically. The essence of the meaningful learning process that the famous American psychologist Ausubel thinks is the non-human and substantive connection between the new knowledge represented by the symbol and the proper concept already existing in the cognitive structure of the learner. He believes that the conditions of learning are mainly: learning materials can be related to the concept of student cognitive structure; students have the cognitive structure of knowledge associated with the preparation of new knowledge; students have the meaning of the study of the heart that the new knowledge Intent associated with the proper concept of the original cognitive structure. New knowledge is like a boat, the cognitive structure of students is like the twists and turns of the coast, the original knowledge and experience is like the harbor, any one boat should be parked in a suitable harbor.