激光与等离子体相互作用加速离子的研究

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Rapid development of laser technology and the realization of TW laser and fs laser pulse have excited a lot of research interest in studying the interaction of ultra-intense lasers with matter. Among these studies, the generation of energetic ion beams by the interaction of ultra-short relativistic laser pulses with plasma is currently an attractive subject. Because these ions will be potentially applied in several aspects such as proton radiography, fast ignitors for laser fusion, tumor therapy, producing high-energy-density matter and so on. Over the past decade, relevant researches both on theoretic and experimentation have made evolutional breakthrough.Because the accelerated ion beams by this intense laser-plasma interaction is not enough for the request of actual application, many scientists worldwide had done much work to improve the quality of the proton beams. One of the most important method is designing the special structure of the solid targets. A new target structure----unnel-like target is proposed in the first time for generating high quality proton beams in this thesis. The laser-funnel target interaction is studied with2.5-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. It is shown that laser can be focused and restricted by the front cone part of the funnel-like target, accompanied by much enhanced laser intensity. When this focused laser illumiate the aluminium-hydrogen layer, which located in the center of the small caliber of the funnel-like target, it can accelerate the protons to tens MeV. The proton beams experience longer acceleration time than the normal cone target attributed to the restriction of the small hole. The transverse divergence of the laser and proton beams can well suppressed. An high density, collimated, mono-energetic, low divengence proton beams were obtained.In order to further analyse the acceleration quality of the funnel-like target, the interaction of ultra-intense laser with three similar structured targets:conical target, funnel-like target, funnel-like target with a hole-cover layer were studied and the mechanisms were discussed. The quality of the proton beams were analysed. It is found that the proton beams by a laser-illuminated conical target has the most highest cutoff energy and peak energy, at the same time the transverse divergence and the energy spread is relatively awful. For funnel-like target with a hole-cover layer, simulation results show that a bifurcation phenomenon in the proton energy spectrum while good feature on the spatial distribution of accelerated protons.In summary, this funnel-like target is an development of target shaping theory of laser-plasma interaction to accelerate ion beams. Deeply study on the quasi-monoenergtic proton beams by a laser-illuminated funnel-like target may lead the practical application of proton beams, such as tumor therapy, fast ignitors for laser fusion.
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