论文部分内容阅读
【Abstract】The gender difference in languages has existed in human society，dating back to ancient times.On the one hand，the physiological traits differences cause the language differences； On the other hand，the Social psychological difference also plays an important role.Because the gender difference has been demonized over centuries，female’s subordinate position leads to the unfair treatment and the discrimination.This paper will analyze the reasons for the gender differences in languages from the perspective of socio-psycholinguistics and use it to discuss how to use language power to eliminate sexual discrimination and help female to reach equality between men and women.
【Key words】gender language； Social psychological differences； sexual discrimination
Language is the significant communicative tool and expression symbol.Therefore，language and its vocabulary not only record the material culture and spiritual culture，but also accumulate the social，cultural and psychological connotation.Language is not specialized of gender at all，but with the development of human society language is marked by the gender feature.The publication of Language and woman’s Place （LWP） which was written by Robin Lakoff in 1975 marks the birth of the branch of sociolinguistics—The study of language and gender.
In early researching stages，we used the word “sex” to distinguish male and female，then the sociologists discovered that the differences between male and female are not completely destined but some degree of a result of a social structure and traditional social mentality so that the new term “gender” has been proposed to define the new differences.
According to lakoff’s theory，stereotyped features of women language always appear in their daily talking such as hesitations，rising intonation，tag questions，hedges，and intensifiers.She deciphered that the different language using habit is due to women’s subordinate position.Because of some historical reasons，women are naturally powerless than men and should submit to men.Daily discourses can reflect people’s mood and points of view，and the way of one’s talking also represents his or her personality，social status and educational situation.The author will choose some of the features as the points and try to find out the deep reasons under the phenomena.
Men and women have inborn difference in that men have deep voice while women have shrill voice because they think this kind of pitch and timbre is in line with lady’s identity.The differences of development in male and female’s psychological features impact the language habits.Girl’s mental age is one year and a half older than that of boy so that girl pays more attention to interpersonal relationship and responsibilities than boy before puberty.After the puberty，men prefer to take risk and they are assertively，competitive，unyieldingly and direct.However，in the meantime，women are quiet and shy so that they think highly of the manners.Women are deep in thought and delicate in emotions.The different psychological factors decide the different language features.For example，female prefer to use emotional words because they are rich of emotions and feelings.They are clever with euphemism because they are elegant，shy and timidly.They are not good at controlling the conversations because they are getting used to relying on other people.In addition，they use disjunctive questions to show their uncertain position and lack of confidence. It is universally acknowledged that so many reasons causes the gender differences in language，but the social reason is the main factor and most important part which need us to put more time and energy in it.Social factors also include many aspects but in this thesis the author plans to focus on analyzing is from the feminist perspective.It is true that women’s subordinate status is a complex problem which is left over by history.In China，the girls were asked to strictly follow the feudal Confucian principles of obeying fathers before marriage，obeying their husband after getting married and obeying their sons after their husband’s death.The truth is that woman has no right and freedom at all in their whole life.The poor woman is never taught to have a higher design is more important than to get a husband.“Marriage was necessary to propagate the species，but a wife is all too often simply‘a man’s upper servant’” Because of the long time of the subordinate place，women are used to showing their powerlessness and the desire for equality.Chinese value the tradition so do the western people.Parents will require their daughter to behave like a lady and also teach them to follow the rules.However，they always tell their son to be brave and just do if they like.For boys，rules are not so important anymore and we show more tolerance if boys are breaking the rules.Tradition and society give women a frame which causes their behavior and speaking stereotype so that it must take a long time to escape from the frame and get the real freedom.
Since modern time，with the development and awakening of female，their social status has been improved and their speaking style also changed.However，compared with men，most of the female spend more time staying at home to take care of children and doing housework so that they have less chance to get social status through the jobs.Women began to use other ways to maintain their social status and language is one of the effective ways.
The language differences of gender will be diminished with the development of women’s state changing but they will never be exactly the same in the future.To improve women’s status，they should not only perform in obtaining rights but also cure their inferiority feeling.Only in this way can women get the true equality because they are proud of being a female and feel great to talk like a lady.When women have the confidence and never feel subordinate they will give up talking tentatively and pandering to others，but they still behave elegantly and politely.Also only like this，can women actually get the respect from men and all the people.The critic Margaret Walters indicated that if feminism wants to be living and evolving，it will have to begin by re-inventing the wheel—which in this case means finding no just new issues，but a new language.In the future，feminism will surprise us again，that it will re-invent itself.Furthermore，the development prospect of gender language and the women’s place need the public interest.Great transformations—the end of slavery，the women’s and civil rights，the end of colonial rule，the birth of environmentalism—all began with public awareness and engagement.
References：
[1]Chen，Hongmei.On the Image of Women’s Language in English[D].Shanghai：Shanghai International Studies University.2006.
[2]Lakoff，Robin Tolmach.Language and woman’s place[M].New York： Harper
【Key words】gender language； Social psychological differences； sexual discrimination
Language is the significant communicative tool and expression symbol.Therefore，language and its vocabulary not only record the material culture and spiritual culture，but also accumulate the social，cultural and psychological connotation.Language is not specialized of gender at all，but with the development of human society language is marked by the gender feature.The publication of Language and woman’s Place （LWP） which was written by Robin Lakoff in 1975 marks the birth of the branch of sociolinguistics—The study of language and gender.
In early researching stages，we used the word “sex” to distinguish male and female，then the sociologists discovered that the differences between male and female are not completely destined but some degree of a result of a social structure and traditional social mentality so that the new term “gender” has been proposed to define the new differences.
According to lakoff’s theory，stereotyped features of women language always appear in their daily talking such as hesitations，rising intonation，tag questions，hedges，and intensifiers.She deciphered that the different language using habit is due to women’s subordinate position.Because of some historical reasons，women are naturally powerless than men and should submit to men.Daily discourses can reflect people’s mood and points of view，and the way of one’s talking also represents his or her personality，social status and educational situation.The author will choose some of the features as the points and try to find out the deep reasons under the phenomena.
Men and women have inborn difference in that men have deep voice while women have shrill voice because they think this kind of pitch and timbre is in line with lady’s identity.The differences of development in male and female’s psychological features impact the language habits.Girl’s mental age is one year and a half older than that of boy so that girl pays more attention to interpersonal relationship and responsibilities than boy before puberty.After the puberty，men prefer to take risk and they are assertively，competitive，unyieldingly and direct.However，in the meantime，women are quiet and shy so that they think highly of the manners.Women are deep in thought and delicate in emotions.The different psychological factors decide the different language features.For example，female prefer to use emotional words because they are rich of emotions and feelings.They are clever with euphemism because they are elegant，shy and timidly.They are not good at controlling the conversations because they are getting used to relying on other people.In addition，they use disjunctive questions to show their uncertain position and lack of confidence. It is universally acknowledged that so many reasons causes the gender differences in language，but the social reason is the main factor and most important part which need us to put more time and energy in it.Social factors also include many aspects but in this thesis the author plans to focus on analyzing is from the feminist perspective.It is true that women’s subordinate status is a complex problem which is left over by history.In China，the girls were asked to strictly follow the feudal Confucian principles of obeying fathers before marriage，obeying their husband after getting married and obeying their sons after their husband’s death.The truth is that woman has no right and freedom at all in their whole life.The poor woman is never taught to have a higher design is more important than to get a husband.“Marriage was necessary to propagate the species，but a wife is all too often simply‘a man’s upper servant’” Because of the long time of the subordinate place，women are used to showing their powerlessness and the desire for equality.Chinese value the tradition so do the western people.Parents will require their daughter to behave like a lady and also teach them to follow the rules.However，they always tell their son to be brave and just do if they like.For boys，rules are not so important anymore and we show more tolerance if boys are breaking the rules.Tradition and society give women a frame which causes their behavior and speaking stereotype so that it must take a long time to escape from the frame and get the real freedom.
Since modern time，with the development and awakening of female，their social status has been improved and their speaking style also changed.However，compared with men，most of the female spend more time staying at home to take care of children and doing housework so that they have less chance to get social status through the jobs.Women began to use other ways to maintain their social status and language is one of the effective ways.
The language differences of gender will be diminished with the development of women’s state changing but they will never be exactly the same in the future.To improve women’s status，they should not only perform in obtaining rights but also cure their inferiority feeling.Only in this way can women get the true equality because they are proud of being a female and feel great to talk like a lady.When women have the confidence and never feel subordinate they will give up talking tentatively and pandering to others，but they still behave elegantly and politely.Also only like this，can women actually get the respect from men and all the people.The critic Margaret Walters indicated that if feminism wants to be living and evolving，it will have to begin by re-inventing the wheel—which in this case means finding no just new issues，but a new language.In the future，feminism will surprise us again，that it will re-invent itself.Furthermore，the development prospect of gender language and the women’s place need the public interest.Great transformations—the end of slavery，the women’s and civil rights，the end of colonial rule，the birth of environmentalism—all began with public awareness and engagement.
References：
[1]Chen，Hongmei.On the Image of Women’s Language in English[D].Shanghai：Shanghai International Studies University.2006.
[2]Lakoff，Robin Tolmach.Language and woman’s place[M].New York： Harper