19世纪初,伴随着工业革命的深入,西方列强加速了在全球范围内对殖民地的争夺。与此相应,一些仍处于传统社会的东方国家被迫从蒙昧中醒来,开始了向西方学习、救亡图存的艰难历程。变化往往是从军事领域开始的。各国统治集团深受列强坚船利炮之苦, In the early 19th century, along with the deepening of the industrial revolution, the Western powers accelerated the fight over the colonies on a global scale. Correspondingly, some eastern countries still in the traditional society were forced to wake up from ignorance and began the difficult journey of learning from the West and saving the nation from salvation. Changes often start in the military arena. The ruling blocs of various countries were greatly endured by the strong forts and fortifications of the great powers,