目的　探讨甲状腺癌再手术的原因和并发症情况。方法　回顾分析 34例甲状腺癌再手术的各种原因 ,比较甲状腺癌初次手术和再手术的主要并发症。结果　误诊是甲状腺癌近期再手术的主要原因 ,喉返神经损伤是甲状腺癌手术和再手术比较常见的并发症。结论　及时诊断、选择合理的术式是避免甲状腺癌患者再手术的主要措施 ,甲状腺癌再手术时应从易处入手暴露喉返神经以避免损伤 ,双侧喉返神经受侵时一侧可适当姑息处理以保留发声功能。 Objective To investigate the causes and complications of reoperation for thyroid cancer. Methods Retrospective analysis of 34 cases of thyroid cancer re-operation of the various reasons, the primary thyroidectomy surgery and re-operation of the major complications. Misdiagnosis of the results is the main reason for the recent reoperation of thyroid cancer. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is a more common complication of thyroid cancer surgery and reoperation. Conclusions Timely diagnosis and proper operation are the main measures to avoid the reoperation of patients with thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer should be exposed to the recurrent laryngeal nerve to avoid injury during reoperation of thyroid cancer. One side of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve can be properly palliated Proceed to keep the sounding function.